The take home messages from this GRDC-funded research are below. Please access the full paper via the link below for methodology, references, acknowledgements and discussion.

Take home messages from the paper include:

• Successful grain storage is achieved by combining regular grain monitoring, good hygiene, aeration cooling, correct fumigation practices and use of grain protectants when appropriate
• In larger silos (150 – 2000t) recirculation of fumigation gases within the sealed silo, using a small fan, ensures rapid and uniform distribution of phosphine gas
• Without recirculation, it can take 2-5 days before the fumigant gas reaches all areas in a large silo, resulting in significant volumes of grain and insect pests being exposed to lower amounts of gas
• A significant R&D gap is the inability to effectively ‘monitor grain’ in the now common, large flat bottom silos. A simple, robust system for monitoring grain temperature, relative humidity, gas concentrations during fumigation and detection of the start of insect infestations is needed
• For grain protectant treatments, prior to applying, always read the label, check with potential grain buyers and seek advice if in doubt. Set up grain protectant spray application equipment to achieve good coverage and correct dose rate